Pinealon
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator from the Khavinson series, marketed as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent. Evidence is confined to preclinical rodent work and in vitro assays from its originating group; no controlled human trials exist.
01 Overview
Pinealon is one of Khavinson's short 'peptide bioregulators' claimed to target brain tissue. Rodent and cell studies from the developer report reduced oxidative-stress-induced neuronal apoptosis and improved learning measures, forming the basis of its nootropic marketing.\n\nThere is no independent human trial evidence. Sold as an injectable or nasal research peptide, its human dosing and safety are entirely anecdotal.
02 Mechanism
Proposed to penetrate cells and regulate gene expression in neurons, reducing oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis; precise human mechanism unproven.
03 Dosing
| Tier | Dose | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anecdotal | 5–10 mg/day | SubQ | Cycled courses per vendor anecdote; no clinical basis. |
04 Effects
| Effect | Magnitude | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NeuroprotectionReduced hypoxia/oxidative-stress-induced neuronal death in rodent and cell models. | n/a | Preclinical | |
| Cognitive supportUsers report focus and mood benefits; unverified in humans. | n/a | Anecdotal |
05 Side effects
| Effect | Severity | Frequency | Evidence | Countermeasures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection-site reactionLocal irritation at subcutaneous sites. | Mild | Common | Anecdotal | |
| Unknown human safetyNo human toxicology or long-term data available. | Moderate | Unquantified | Unconfirmed |