Roidipedia.Compound reference & reporting
06 AUG 2026
CompoundsPharmaceutical Nicorandil
PharmaceuticalAnti-anginalKATP channel openerNitrate/vasodilator

Nicorandil

Also known as Ikorel · Sigmart · SG-75

A dual-action anti-anginal that combines nitrate-like venodilation with ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opening, producing arterial and coronary vasodilation. Widely used for angina in Europe and Japan. Not WADA-banned. Notable for causing painful mucosal ulceration with chronic use.

01 Overview

Nicorandil is a nicotinamide-nitrate ester with two vasodilatory mechanisms: it donates nitric oxide (like organic nitrates) to relax veins and reduce preload, and it opens KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle to relax arteries and dilate coronary vessels, reducing afterload. This balanced pre- and afterload reduction improves myocardial oxygen supply-demand balance. KATP opening is also implicated in ischaemic preconditioning.

It is used for angina refractory to or intolerant of first-line agents. A distinctive and sometimes serious adverse effect of long-term use is painful ulceration of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, skin and perianal region.

02 Mechanism

Combines nitric-oxide-mediated venodilation (reducing preload) with ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opening in arterial smooth muscle (reducing afterload and dilating coronaries), improving myocardial oxygen balance.

03 Dosing

TierDoseRouteNotes
Starting dose5–10 mgOral5-10 mg twice daily.

04 Effects

EffectMagnitudeEvidence
Reduced angina and ischaemiaReduces anginal episodes and improved cardiac outcomes as add-on therapy (IONA trial).moderateClinical
Coronary vasodilation / preconditioningDilates coronary arteries and may mimic ischaemic preconditioning via KATP opening.Clinical

05 Side effects

EffectSeverityFrequencyEvidenceCountermeasures
HeadacheNitrate-type headache, common on initiation.MildVery common earlyClinical
Hypotension / flushingDizziness, flushing and low blood pressure from vasodilation.MildCommonClinical
Mucocutaneous ulcerationPainful oral, gastrointestinal, anal and skin ulcers that resolve only on discontinuation.SevereWith chronic useClinical

07 References

Effect of nicorandil on coronary events in stable angina (IONA)The Lancet, 2002
Nicorandil-induced ulceration: a reviewBritish Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

08 Discussion0 comments

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This page is reference information, not medical advice. Doses and protocols are documented as they appear in the clinical literature and in practice — describing them is not a recommendation to use them. Countermeasures listed here are not a substitute for a physician. Legal status varies by jurisdiction and changes.