Methoxetamine (MXE)
Methoxetamine (MXE) is an arylcyclohexylamine dissociative that emerged around 2010 as a 'research chemical' analogue of ketamine, marketed as bladder-friendly though this was never established. It has a longer duration and higher potency than ketamine and was linked to several deaths and hospitalisations before being widely banned.
01 Overview
MXE was one of the first novel dissociatives to gain popularity through online research-chemical vendors. Structurally related to ketamine and 3-MeO-PCP, it produces similar NMDA-antagonist dissociation but with slower onset and longer duration, which contributed to accidental redosing and overdose.
Human data are limited to case reports and toxicological series. Reported acute harms include severe dissociation, agitation, cerebellar signs (ataxia, slurred speech), tachycardia and hypertension. It was placed under international control after being associated with fatalities.
02 Mechanism
NMDA-receptor antagonist with additional serotonergic activity (serotonin transporter affinity), which may explain its longer, more stimulating profile compared with ketamine.
03 Dosing
| Tier | Dose | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light | 5–15 mg | Insufflated | |
| Common | 15–40 mg | Insufflated | Long duration; delayed onset invites redosing. |
| Common | 20–50 mg | Oral |
04 Effects
| Effect | Magnitude | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DissociationKetamine-like detachment, often described as longer and more euphoric. | Anecdotal | ||
| StimulationMore stimulating than ketamine, attributed to serotonergic activity. | Anecdotal |
05 Side effects
| Effect | Severity | Frequency | Evidence | Countermeasures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellar toxicity (ataxia, dysarthria)Loss of coordination, slurred speech and nystagmus reported in acute intoxication. | Severe | Reported in toxicology series | Observational | |
| Agitation and sympathomimetic toxicityTachycardia, hypertension and agitation, sometimes requiring hospital treatment. | Severe | Reported in case series | Observational |