Ibutamoren (MK-677, GH secretagogue)
Ibutamoren (MK-677) is a non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue, not a SARM, that raises GH and IGF-1 by mimicking ghrelin. It is the most human-studied compound in this group, with trials in older adults, GH-deficient patients and others. Its hallmark effects are increased appetite, water retention and higher IGF-1; it does not suppress testosterone, so no steroid profile applies.
01 Overview
MK-677 orally stimulates the ghrelin receptor to increase pulsatile GH release and raise IGF-1, without the injections of GH or peptides. Human trials have examined effects on body composition, bone, sleep and IGF-1 in the elderly and in catabolic states, generally showing increased lean mass and IGF-1 but limited functional benefit.
Common and well-documented effects are strong hunger, fluid retention, mild oedema and occasional lethargy. There is concern about worsening insulin sensitivity and blood glucose with prolonged use. It is not androgenic and does not affect the HPG axis. It remains unapproved, prohibited in sport, and sold as a research chemical.
02 Mechanism
Ghrelin-receptor (GHSR) agonist that increases pulsatile growth hormone secretion and downstream IGF-1, without acting on the androgen receptor.
03 Dosing
| Tier | Dose | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light | 10–15 mg/day | Oral | Lower anecdotal range; often taken at night. |
| Common | 20–25 mg/day | Oral | Doses around 25 mg were used in trials to raise IGF-1. |
04 Effects
| Effect | Magnitude | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased GH and IGF-1Human trials consistently show increased GH secretion and higher IGF-1 levels. | IGF-1 raised substantially | Clinical | |
| Increased lean body massTrials in older adults showed increases in lean mass, though functional gains were limited. | modest | Clinical | |
| Increased appetiteMarked hunger via ghrelin-receptor activation; useful for bulking but unwanted for others. | Clinical | ||
| Improved sleep qualitySome studies and users report improved slow-wave sleep. | Observational |
05 Side effects
| Effect | Severity | Frequency | Evidence | Countermeasures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water retention and oedemaFluid retention, puffiness and occasional peripheral oedema are frequently reported in trials and anecdote. | Moderate | Very common | Clinical | |
| Increased appetite / hungerPronounced increase in hunger, a direct pharmacological effect. | Mild | Very common | Clinical | |
| Impaired insulin sensitivity / raised blood glucoseGH elevation can reduce insulin sensitivity and raise fasting glucose, a concern with prolonged use. | Moderate | Common | Clinical | |
| Lethargy and joint discomfortFatigue, muscle stiffness or joint aches sometimes reported, consistent with elevated GH/IGF-1. | Mild | Common | Observational |