DMT (N,N-DMT)
DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a potent, short-acting psychedelic tryptamine found in many plants (and used in ayahuasca) and produced synthetically. Vaporised or injected it produces a rapid, intense, short experience; orally it is inactive without an MAOI. It is among the better-studied psychedelics, with controlled human research, though non-medical use data remain largely observational.
01 Overview
DMT occurs widely in nature and is the principal psychedelic in ayahuasca (where an MAOI renders it orally active). Vaporised, it produces an extremely rapid onset and an intense but brief experience (minutes), frequently described as fully immersive. It has been the subject of controlled human studies of its psychological and physiological effects since the 1990s.
Despite comparatively better characterisation than most novel tryptamines, non-medical use carries real risks: the experience is intense and can be frightening, and combination with MAOIs (as in ayahuasca) raises serotonin toxicity and interaction risks. Dose responses vary by route and between individuals.
02 Mechanism
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist (classical psychedelic mechanism) with activity at other serotonin subtypes; orally metabolised rapidly by monoamine oxidase unless an MAOI is co-administered.
03 Dosing
| Tier | Dose | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Threshold | 10–15 mg | Vaporised | Approximate; from user reports. |
| Common | 20–40 mg | Vaporised | Onset seconds, peak ~2-5 min, total ~10-20 min. Not clinically validated for non-medical use. |
| Common (oral, with MAOI) | 30–60 mg | Oral | Inactive orally without an MAOI; MAOI combination adds significant interaction risk. |
| Strong | 40–60 mg | Vaporised | Full immersive 'breakthrough'; higher risk of overwhelming effects. |
04 Effects
| Effect | Magnitude | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid, immersive psychedelic experienceFully immersive visual and cognitive alteration within seconds when vaporised. | intense | Observational | |
| Strong visual effectsComplex geometric and scenic visuals characteristic of the experience. | Observational | ||
| Altered sense of self and realityProfound shifts in perception, sometimes described as encountering other 'spaces' or entities. | Observational |
05 Side effects
| Effect | Severity | Frequency | Evidence | Countermeasures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Challenging / frightening experiencesFear, panic or distress can occur given the sudden intensity. | Moderate | Common | Observational | |
| Cardiovascular stimulationTransient rise in heart rate and blood pressure during the acute phase. | Moderate | Common | Observational | |
| Serotonin toxicity (with MAOIs)Combining oral DMT with MAOIs (ayahuasca-style) or serotonergic drugs raises serotonin syndrome risk. | Life-threatening | Rare but serious | Observational |