Bromo-DragonFLY
Bromo-DragonFLY (bromo-benzodifuranyl-isopropylamine) is an extremely potent and extremely long-acting serotonergic psychedelic. It is active in the microgram range, can last one to several days, and is associated with severe, prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction that has caused limb ischaemia, gangrene and amputations, as well as seizures and deaths. It is one of the most dangerous psychedelics documented and has no established safe dose.
01 Overview
Bromo-DragonFLY is a rigid "dragonfly" analogue of the DOB/2C-B pharmacophore, in which fused furan rings lock the molecule into a highly active conformation. This produces exceptional 5-HT2A potency and an extraordinarily long duration of action. Because active doses are in the microgram range, it is easily and catastrophically overdosed, and it has repeatedly been mis-sold on blotter as LSD, leading to unintentional overdoses.
The defining hazard is intense, sustained vasoconstriction: because effects can last for days, the constriction of peripheral blood vessels is prolonged and has produced tissue necrosis, gangrene and surgical amputation of fingers, toes and limbs in reported cases. Seizures, severe hypertension, hyperthermia and multiple fatalities have also been documented. There is no established safe dose, redosing is especially dangerous given the delayed onset and long tail, and the margin between an active and a life-threatening dose is extremely narrow.
02 Mechanism
Extremely potent agonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors; the fused difuran ("dragonfly") ring system locks the molecule into a high-affinity conformation and produces strong, prolonged vasoconstriction.
03 Dosing
| Tier | Dose | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Threshold | 100–200 mcg | Oral | Active in the microgram range; extremely potent. Onset can be very slow, tempting dangerous redosing. |
| Common | 200–800 mcg | Oral | Anecdotal range only; the margin to serious toxicity is extremely narrow. No dose is established as safe. |
| Strong | 800–1500 mcg | Oral | High risk of severe vasoconstriction, seizures and necrosis; overdoses have caused amputations and deaths. |
04 Effects
| Effect | Magnitude | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visual distortionIntense colour enhancement, patterning and visual movement reported by users. | strong | Anecdotal | |
| Extremely long durationEffects reported to last from roughly a day to several days, far longer than most psychedelics. | Anecdotal | ||
| StimulationPhysical stimulation and restlessness reported alongside the psychedelic effects. | Anecdotal |
05 Side effects
| Effect | Severity | Frequency | Evidence | Countermeasures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe vasoconstriction and tissue necrosisIntense, prolonged narrowing of peripheral blood vessels has caused limb ischaemia, gangrene and surgical amputation of fingers, toes and limbs in documented cases. The multi-day duration makes the constriction sustained and especially dangerous. | Life-threatening | Common at active doses | Anecdotal | |
| SeizuresConvulsions have occurred in reported overdoses, sometimes contributing to death. | Life-threatening | Documented in overdose | Anecdotal | |
| Hypertension, hyperthermia and deathSevere hypertension, hyperthermia and multiple fatalities have been reported, often linked to microgram-range overdoses or mis-sold blotter. | Life-threatening | Documented in fatal cases | Anecdotal |